Iifemu zaseTshayina ziyakrazula ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yehlabathi yovavanyo lwe-coronavirusnjengoko imfuno yasekhaya yoma, kodwa ijuggernaut yokuvelisa ayinakwenza ngokwaneleyo

UFinbarr Bermingham, uSidney Leng kunye no-Echo Xie
Njengoko ukoyikeka kokuqhambuka kwecoronavirus e-China kwakusenzeka ngeholide kaJanuwari yoNyaka oMtsha, iqela lamagcisa lalivalelwe kwiziko laseNanjing libonelela ngee-noodles ngoko nangoko kunye nokufutshane ukuphuhlisa izixhobo zovavanyo lokufumanisa intsholongwane.Ngeli xesha, i-coronavirus yayikrazule isixeko sase-Wuhan kwaye isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwi-China.Iqaqobana lovavanyo loxilongo luvunyiwe ngurhulumente omkhulu, kodwa amakhulu eefemu kwilizwe lonke ayesazama ukuphuhlisa ezintsha.

Sinee-odolo ezininzi ngoku ... sicinga ukusebenza iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku
ZHANG SHUWEN, NANJING LIMING BIO-PRODUCTS

“Andikhange ndicinge ngokufaka isicelo semvume eTshayina,” utshilo uZhang Shuwen, waseNanjing Li ming Bio-Products.“Isicelo sithatha ixesha elininzi.Xa ekugqibeleni ndifumana imvume, ukuqhambuka kunokuba sele kugqityiwe. ”Endaweni yoko, uZhang kunye nenkampani awayisekayo bayinxalenye yomkhosi wabathengisi baseTshayina abathengisa izixhobo zovavanyo kwihlabathi liphela njengoko ubhubhane usasazeka ngaphandle kweTshayina, apho uqhushululu ngoku luphantsi kolawulo, olukhokelela ekwehleni kwemfuno yasekhaya.NgoFebruwari, wafaka isicelo sokuthengisa iimveliso zovavanyo ezine kwi-European Union, efumana ukuvunywa kwe-CE ngo-Matshi, okuthetha ukuba bathobela impilo ye-EU, ukhuseleko kunye nemigangatho yokusingqongileyo.Ngoku, uZhang unencwadi yoku-odola ezele kubathengi abavela e-Itali, eSpain, eOstriya, eHungary, eFransi, e-Iran, eSaudi Arabia, eJapan, naseSouth Korea.“Sineodolo ezininzi ngoku sisebenza kude kube yintsimbi yesithoba ebusuku,
iintsuku ezisixhenxe ngeveki.Sicinga ukusebenza iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku, sicela abasebenzi ukuba bathathe iishifti ezintathu yonke imihla, ”utshilo uZhang.Kuqikelelwa ukuba bangaphezulu kweebhiliyoni ezi-3 abantu abavaliweyo kwihlabathi liphela, kwaye inani lokufa kwe-coronavirus kwihlabathi liphela lingaphaya kwama-30,000.Ii-hotbed zosulelo ziye zaqhushumba kulo lonke elaseYurophu nase-United States, kunye ne-epicenter ephuma e-Wuhan kumbindi we-China ukuya e-Itali, emva koko eSpain nangoku.

Inew york.Ukunqongophala okungapheliyo kwezixhobo zovavanyo kuthetha ukuba endaweni yokufunyaniswa, izigulana ezinokubonwa "njengengozi ephantsi" ziyacelwa ukuba zihlale ekhaya.“Ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari, malunga nesiqingatha sezixhobo zethu zovavanyo bezithengiswa eTshayina kunye nesiqingatha saphesheya.Ngoku, akukho phantse nanye ethengiswayo ngaphakathi.Ezona sizithengisayo apha ngoku zezodwaabakhweli abafika bevela ngaphandle [eTshayina] abafuna ukuvavanywa, ”utshilo umphathi omkhulu kwiBGI Group, eyona nkampani inkulu yaseTshayina yokulandelanisa igenome, ethethe phantsi.imeko yokungaziwa.Ekuqaleni kukaFebruwari, i-BGI yayisenza iikiti ezingama-200,000 ngosuku kwisityalo sayo eWuhan.Umzi-mveliso, onabasebenzi “abangamakhulu ambalwa”, wawugcinwe usebenza iiyure ezingama-24 ngosuku ngelixa uninzi lwesixeko lwaluvaliwe.Ngoku, uthe inkampani yayivelisa iikiti ezingama-600,000 ngosuku kwaye yayisandula ukuba yifemu yokuqala yaseTshayina ukufumana imvume kaxakeka yokuthengisa iimvavanyo zayo ze-fluorescent ze-polymerase chain reaction (PCR) e-US.Izixhobo zovavanyo ezenziwe eTshayina ziba yinto eqhelekileyo kulo lonke elaseYurophu nakwihlabathi liphela, zongeza umgangatho omtsha kwingxoxo egqumayo yokuxhomekeka kuncedo lwezonyango oluvela eTshayina.Ukusukela ngoLwesine, iifemu zaseTshayina ezili-102 zinikwe imvume yokufikelela kwimarike yaseYurophu, ngokutsho kweNgoma Haibo, usihlalo woMbutho waseTshayina we-In-Vitro Diagnostics (CAIVD), xa kuthelekiswa nelayisenisi enye e-US.Uninzi lwezi nkampani, nangona kunjalo,awunayo imvume yoLawulo lweeMveliso zoNyango lweSizwe ukuze uthengise eTshayina.Ngapha koko, bali-13 kuphela abanelayisenisi yokuthengisa izixhobo zovavanyo lwe-PCR e-China, abanesibhozo bethengisa inguqulelo ye-antibody elula.Umphathi kwifemu ye-biotechnology e-Changsha, onqwenela ukungachazwa, uthe inkampani inelayisensi kuphela yokuthengisa izixhobo zovavanyo lwe-PCR yezilwanyana e-China, kodwa ilungiselela ukunyusa imveliso ye-30,000 entsha ye-Covid-19 kits ukuze ithengise eYurophu. , emva "kokufumana nje isatifikethi se-CE ngoMatshi 17".

Ayizizo zonke ezi ntshukumo zokungena kwimarike yaseYurophu zibe yimpumelelo.I-China yathumela ngaphandle imaski yobuso ezizigidi ezingama-550, izixhobo zokuvavanya ezizigidi ezi-5.5 kunye ne-950 yezigidi ze-ventilators eSpain ngexabiso le-432 yezigidi zee-euro (iidola ezingama-480 ezigidi) kwangoko ngo-Matshi, kodwa iinkxalabo zaphakanyiswa ngokukhawuleza malunga nomgangatho wovavanyo.

Kubekho iimeko kwezi ntsuku zamva nje zokufumana izixhobo zovavanyo zaseTshayina ezixela ukuba khange zisebenze njengoko bekulindelwe.Kwiveki ephelileyo, iphephandaba laseSpain i-El País lixele izixhobo zovavanyo lwe-antigen ukusuka kwifemu esekwe e-Shenzhen i-Bioeasy Biotechnology inezinga le-30 leepesenti lokufunyanwa kwe-Covid-19, xa bekufanele ukuba ichanekile ngeepesenti ezingama-80.I-Bioeasy, yavela, ayizange ibandakanywe kuluhlu oluvunyiweyo lwababoneleli abanikezelwa eSpain nguMphathiswa wezoRhwebo waseTshayina.iphosakele, iphakamisa ukuba abaphandi baseSpain abazange bayilandele ngokuchanekileyo imiyalelo.Abasemagunyeni kwiiPhilippines bathi ngoMgqibelo bazilahlile izixhobo zovavanyo ezivela e-China, bebanga kuphela ipesenti ezingama-40 zenqanaba lokuchaneka, mhlawumbi kugxilwe kwisantya, kwaye mhlawumbi inkqubo ibingagqibelelanga, ”yatsho i-European Union. umthombo, ocele ukungachazwa ngegama."Kodwa oku kufanele kube luvuko olukrwada lokunganikezeli kulawulo lomgangatho, okanye siya kube siphosa izixhobo ezinqabileyo ezinqabileyo ngefestile kwaye sizise ubuthathaka obungakumbi kwinkqubo, sivumela intsholongwane ukuba yande ngakumbi."

Olona vavanyo lwe-PCR oluntsonkothileyo luzama ukufumana ulandelelwano lwemfuza yentsholongwane ngokubeka iiprimers - iikhemikhali okanye ii-reagents ezongezwa ukuvavanya ukuba ukusabela kwenzeka - ezincamathela kulandelelwano lwemfuzo ekujoliswe kulo.Okubizwa ngokuba "uvavanyo olukhawulezayo" lukwaqhutywa nge-swab yeempumlo, kwaye lunokwenziwa ngaphandle kokuba isifundo sishiye imoto yabo.Isampulu emva koko ihlalutywe ngokukhawuleza kwii-antigens ezinokubonisa ukuba intsholongwane ikhona.

U-Leo Poon, intloko yesayensi yelebhu yezempilo yoluntu kwiYunivesithi yaseHong Kong, uthe uvavanyo lwe-PCR "lukhetheke kakhulu" kuvavanyo lwe-antibody okanye i-antigen, enokubona kuphela i-coronavirus xa isigulana sosulelwe ubuncinane iintsuku ezili-10.

Nangona kunjalo, iimvavanyo ze-PCR zintsonkothe ​​kakhulu ukuphuhlisa nokwenza, kwaye ngokunqongophala okukhulu kwehlabathi, amazwe kwihlabathi liphela aqokelela kwiinguqulelo ezilula.

Ngokwandayo, oorhulumente bajikela e-China, leyo kunye noMzantsi Korea, yenye yeendawo ezimbalwa emhlabeni ezinezixhobo zokuvavanya ezisekhona.

Kunokubanzima ngakumbi kunokwenza izixhobo zokukhusela
IBENJAMIN PINSKY, IYUNIVESITHI yaseSTANFORD

NgoLwesine, i-airline yase-Ireland i-Aer Lingus ibhengeze ukuba izothumela iinqwelomoya zayo ezintlanu e-China suku ngalunye ukuya kuthatha izixhobo, kubandakanya nezixhobo zokuvavanya eziyi-100,000 ngeveki, idibanisa neqela lamazwe aphinda aphinda ahlawule iinqwelomoya njengeenqanawa zokuhambisa zonyango.

Kodwa kuye kwathiwa nangokutyhala okunjalo, i-China ayikwazanga ukuhlangabezana nemfuno yehlabathi yeekhithi zovavanyo, umthengisi omnye echaza imfuno epheleleyo yehlabathi njenge "engenasiphelo".

I-Huaxi Securities, ifemu yotyalo-mali yaseTshayina, kwiveki ephelileyo iqikelele imfuno yehlabathi yovavanyo ukuya kuthi ga kwiiyunithi ezingama-700,000 ngosuku, kodwa ngenxa yokuba ukunqongophala kovavanyo kusele kukhokelele kwisiqingatha seplanethi siphumeza ukuvalwa kwe-draconian, eli nani libonakala lilolonga.Kwaye unikwe uloyiko malunga nabathwali bentsholongwane abangabonisi zimpawu, kwihlabathi elifanelekileyo, wonke umntu uya kuvavanywa, kwaye mhlawumbi ngaphezulu kwesinye.

Nje ukuba intsholongwane ingafumaneki, andiqinisekanga ukuba umhlaba, nokuba ulungelelaniswe ngokupheleleyo, unokuvavanywa kumanqanaba abantu abafuna ukuvavanya kuwo,” utshilo uRyan Kemp, umlawuli kuphando lweZymo, umenzi waseMelika webhayoloji yemolekyuli. izixhobo zophando, eziye zabeka "i-100 leepesenti ekuxhaseni iinzame ze-Covid-19, ukudibanisa inkampani yonke ukuba iyixhase".

Ingoma, kwi-CAIVD, kuqikelelwa ukuba ukuba udibanise amandla eefemu ezinelayisensi e-China kunye ne-European Union, uvavanyo olwaneleyo lunokwenziwa suku ngalunye ukukhonza abantu abazizigidi ezi-3 ngomxube we-PCR kunye novavanyo lwe-antibody.

Ukusukela ngoLwesine, i-US ivavanye abantu abangama-552,000 bebonke, yatsho i-White House.UStephen Sunderland, iqabane eligxile kubuchwephesha bezonyango kwi-LEK Consulting yaseShanghai, kuqikelelwa ukuba ukuba i-US kunye ne-EU zinokulandela inqanaba elifanayo lovavanyo njengoMzantsi Korea, kuya kubakho imfuneko yovavanyo oluzizigidi ezi-4.

Ngoku engqondweni, akunakwenzeka ukuba onke amandla okuvelisa emhlabeni angahlangabezana nemfuno, ubuncinane kwixesha elikufutshane.

Izixhobo zokuvavanya "azifani nokwenza iimaski", watsho umthombo kwi-BGI, owalumkisa ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba iifemu ezingezizo iingcali ezifana ne-Ford, i-Xiaomi okanye i-Tesla yenze izixhobo zokuvavanya, ngenxa yobunzima kunye nemiqobo yokungena.

Ukusuka kumthamo wenkampani wangoku we-600,000 ngosuku, "akunakwenzeka ukwandisa umzi-mveliso" ngenxa yenkqubo yokuxabana ebandakanyekayo, utshilo umthombo we-BGI.Ukuveliswa kwezixhobo zokuxilonga e-China kufuneka kuhambelane nemigangatho engqongqo yezonyango kwaye ke inkqubo yokuvunywa kweziko elitsha ithatha phakathi kweenyanga ezintandathu kunye ne-12.

“Kunzima kakhulu ukonyusa imveliso ngesiquphe, okanye kufuneka ukhangele omnye umthombo, kunakwimeko yeemaski,” utshilo uPoon.“Umzi-mveliso kufuneka ube noqinisekiso kwaye kufuneka ufikelele imigangatho ephezulu.Kuthatha ixesha.ukwenza njalo."

Ingoma yathi kwinto enzulu njenge-coronavirus, ukuba nekiti yovavanyo evunywe yi-China inokwenzekaube nzima ngakumbi kunesiqhelo.“Intsholongwane iyosulela kakhulu kwaye ulawulo lwepecimen luyosulelangqongqo, kunzima ... ukufumana iisampulu zokuqinisekisa ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuvavanya iimveliso,” watsho.

Uqhambuko lukwachaphazele ukufumaneka kwezixhobo ezisetyenziswa kwisixhobo, okukhokelela kunqongophala kwihlabathi liphela.

Umzekelo, imveliso eyenziwe nguZymo yokuthutha kunye nokugcina iisampulu zebhayoloji iyafumaneka ngokubonelelwa ngokwaneleyo - kodwa ifemu ibona ukunqongophala kweeswabs ezilula ezifunekayo ukuqokelela iisampulu.

Isisombululo sikaZymo kukusebenzisa i-swabs kwezinye iinkampani.“Nangona kunjalo kukho izinto ezinqongopheleyo, kangangokuba besibonelela nge-reagent kwimibutho ukuba idityaniswe ne-swabs abanayo,” utshilo u-Kemp, esongeza ukuba, kwi-quirk yekhonkco lonikezelo lwezonyango lwehlabathi, uninzi lwee-swabs zehlabathi zenziwe. yinkampani yase-Italiya iCopan, kwingingqi yaseLombardy ehlaselwe yintsholongwane.

UBenjamin Pinsky, oqhuba eyona labhoratri yokujonga i-coronavirus emantla eCalifornia ngaphandle kweYunivesithi yaseStanford, uthe "kubekho imicelimngeni emikhulu yokubonelela ngezinto ezisetyenziswayo kunye nezinto ezisetyenziswayo"
isetyenziswe kuvavanyo lwe-PCR.

Ngelixa u-Pinsky equlunqe uvavanyo lwe-PCR, uye wafumana ubunzima bokufumana iimpahla, kubandakanya i-swabs, imidiya yezothutho lwentsholongwane, i-PCR reagents kunye nezixhobo zokukhupha.“Ezinye zazo kunzima kakhulu ukuziqonda.Kubekho ukulibaziseka kwezinye zeenkampani ezivelisa iiprimer kunye nophando, ”wongeze watsho.“Kunokubanzima kakhulu kunokwenza
izixhobo zokuzikhusela.”

I-Zhang e-Nanjing inamandla okwenza i-30,000 yeekhithi zokuvavanya i-PCR ngosuku, kodwa iceba ukuthenga oomatshini ababini ukuze bakhulise kwi-100,000.Kodwa izinto zokuthumela ngaphandle zintsonkothile, utshilo."Azikho iinkampani ezingaphezu kwesihlanu e-China ezinokuthengisa izixhobo zokuvavanya i-PCR phesheya ngenxa yokuba uthutho lufuna indawo ephantsi kwe-20 degrees Celsius (68 degrees Fahrenheit)," watsho uZhang."Ukuba iinkampani zicele ukuhanjiswa kwekhonkco elibandayo, umrhumo uphezulu kakhulu kuneempahla ezinokuzithengisa."

Iifemu zaseYurophu kunye nezaseMelika ngokubanzi ziye zalawula imarike yezixhobo zokuxilonga kwihlabathi, kodwa ngoku iTshayina iye yaba yindawo ebalulekileyo yokubonelela.

Ngexesha lokunqongophala okunjalo, nangona kunjalo, imeko yaseSpain iqinisekisa ukuba phakathi kwengxakeko engxamisekileyo yezinto zonyango eziye zanqongophala kwaye zinexabiso njengothuli lwegolide kulo nyaka, umthengi kufuneka ahlale elumkile.